What is a long shot in film?
Long Shot (aka Wide Shot) Shows the subject from top to bottom; for a person, this would be head to toes, though not necessarily filling the frame. The character becomes more of a focus than an Extreme Long Shot, but the shot tends to still be dominated by the scenery.
What is an extreme close up shot in film?
Shots indicating subject size. Extreme Close Up Emphasizes a small area or detail of the subject, such as the eye(s) or mouth. An Extreme Close Up of just the eyes is sometimes called an Italian Shot, getting its name from Sergio Leone’s Italian-Western films that popularized it.
What is an exterior shot in a film?
FILM TERM GLOSSARY BROOKLYN COLLEGE FILM DEPARTMENT FILM GLOSSARY AERIAL SHOT: An exterior shot taken from a plane, crane, helicopter or any other very high position. Also referred to as a BIRD’S-EYE VIEW. See SHOT.
What does three shots mean in photography?
THREE SHOT: Close-up or medium shot of three persons. 4. MEANS: STATIC SHOT: a shot in which the camera is immobile. MOVING SHOTS: see CAMERA MOVEMENTS. SHOT/COUNTER-SHOTsee REVERSE-ANGLE SHOT(under SHOT).
What are the holes on 35mm film called?
Sprocket hole photography is a style of photography that exposes the full width of 35 mm film, creating a photograph punctuated by the "sprocket holes" (perforations) along the edges of the film.
Why do film reels have holes?
The perforations are what sprocket rollers grab onto in order to pull film through a camera (for creation) or a projector (to present a finished product). In the case of the lab, the film is transported through a printer or scanner for duplication.
How do you perforate a movie?
Traditionally, standard needle perforation is still the most common way to perforate film. This involves running the film over a roller with spikes on it which punctures small holes in specific patterns on the film. Perforated films are often used to package hot bread and the air holes allow for crust bread.
What is a profile shot in film?
The profile shot is typically a medium close-up shot and is used to convey emotion. This shot shows only the profile side of a character's face.
What are the holes at the edge of film called?
Film perforations, also known as perfs and sprocket holes, are the holes placed in the film stock during manufacturing and used for transporting (by sprockets and claws) and steadying (by pin registration) the film.
How did the Kinetoscope work?
Kinetoscope, forerunner of the motion-picture film projector, invented by Thomas A. Edison and William Dickson of the United States in 1891. In it, a strip of film was passed rapidly between a lens and an electric light bulb while the viewer peered through a peephole.
What is a perforation?
Perforation is a hole that develops through the wall of a body organ. This problem may occur in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, or gallbladder.
What is perforated packaging?
A perforation is a small hole or row of holes punched into a material — commonly found on paper, plastics, and packaging products — so a part of it can be easily torn off. The purpose of a perforation is to make a material easy to tear or bend.
What is the synonym of the word perforated?
(also rended), ruptured, slashed, slit, split.
What is film tracking shot?
In cinematography, a tracking shot is any shot in which the camera physically moves sideways, forward, or backward through the scene.
What is the Dutch tilt used for?
Dutch angles, also known as the Dutch tilt, canted angles, or oblique angles, use X-axis camera tilts to enhance a disorienting or uneasy feeling in a scene.
What is bird's eye shot?
An overhead shot is when the camera is placed directly above the subject. It's somewhere around a 90-degree angle above the scene taking place. Overhead shots are also called a bird view, bird's eye view, or elevated shot.
What does the movie "Presented in Cinemascope" mean?
However, the film's opening credits do say "Presented in CinemaScope" ("presented," not "shot") as a tribute to 1950s musicals in that format. This credit appears initially in black-and-white and in a narrow format. It then widens to widescreen and dissolves to the old-fashioned CinemaScope logo, in color.
What is scope in film?
In film-industry jargon, the shortened form, ' Scope, is still widely used by both filmmakers and projectionists, although today it generally refers to any 2.35:1, 2.39:1, 2.40:1, or 2.55:1 presentation or, sometimes, the use of anamorphic lensing or projection in general. Bausch & Lomb won a 1954 Oscar for its development of the CinemaScope lens.
Why are Cinemascope lenses so flawed?
The CinemaScope lenses were optically flawed, however, by the fixed anamorphic element, which caused the anamorphic effect to gradually drop off as objects approached closer to the lens. The effect was that close-ups would slightly overstretch an actor's face, a problem that was soon referred to as "the mumps ".
What is Cinemascope 55?
CinemaScope 55 was a large-format version of CinemaScope introduced by Twentieth Century Fox in 1955, which used a film width of 55.625 mm. Fox had introduced the original 35 mm version of CinemaScope in 1953 and it had proved to be commercially successful.
What is the ratio of a Cinemascope 35mm film frame?
A CinemaScope 35 mm film frame showing a circle. It has been squeezed by a ratio of 2:1 by an anamorphic camera lens. The anamorphic projection lens will stretch the image horizontally to show a normal round circle on the screen.
When was Cinemascope invented?
CinemaScope is an anamorphic lens series used, from 1953 to 1967, and less often later, for shooting widescreen films that, crucially, could be screened in theatres using existing equipment, albeit with a lens adapter. Its creation in 1953 by Spyros P. Skouras, the president of 20th Century Fox, marked the beginning of the modern anamorphic format ...
What was the first animated feature film to use Cinemascope?
The first animated feature film to use CinemaScope was Lady and the Tramp (1955), also from Walt Disney Productions.
What is the blurred out of focus point of a lens?
For conventional lens designs (with bladed apertures), when a lens is stopped down smaller than its maximum aperture size (minimum f-number ), out-of-focus points are blurred into the polygonal shape formed by the aperture blades. This is most apparent when a lens produces hard-edged bokeh.
Why do some lenses blur?
Some lens designs blur the image in a way that is pleasing to the eye , while others produce distracting or unpleasant blurring ("good" and "bad" bokeh, respectively). Photographers may deliberately use a shallow focus technique to create images with prominent out-of-focus regions, accentuating their lens's bokeh.
What is bokeh in photography?
In photography, bokeh ( / ˈboʊkə / BOH-kə or / ˈboʊkeɪ / BOH-kay; Japanese: [boke]) is the aesthetic quality of the blur produced in out-of-focus parts of an image. Bokeh has also been defined as "the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light".
What lens produces bokeh?
An example of the bokeh produced by the Canon 18–55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II lens. A bokeh created with Nikon D3300 Camera 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 G VR II Lens. Subtle swirly bokeh in the background.
Why are wide aperture lenses so expensive?
In the past, wide aperture lenses (f/2, f/2.8) were very expensive, due to the complex mathematical design and manufacturing know-how required, at a time when all computations and glass making were done by hand.
How does bokeh work?
Some advanced digital cameras have bokeh features which take several images with different apertures and focuses and then manually compose them afterward to one image. More advanced systems of bokeh use a hardware system of 2 sensors, one sensor to take photo as usual while other ones record depth information.
What format are low budget movies usually shot in?
Low-budget films, unless shot in digital format, are usually shot in 16mm, and feature films are usually shot in 35nmt; however some big budget spectacles are released in 70mm. FLASHBACK: A SEQUENCEinserted into the narrative "present" which depicts an action from the past. FLAT LIGHTING: see LIGHTING.
What does "cut away" mean in a shot?
CUT-AWAY: A shot of short duration that supposedly takes place at the same time as the main action but is not directly involved in the main action. See also REACTION SHOT. CUTTING ON ACTION: Cutting from one shot to another view that carries or matches a movement and gives the impression of a continuous time span.
What is Cinema Verite?
Cinema verite films are often characterized by AVAILABLE (natural) LIGHTING, DIRECT SOUND, HAND-HELD CAMERA (HAND HELD SHOTS), and LONG TAKES. Today, cin6ma verite can be achieved in video or digital video as well as 16mm film. CLASSICAL EDITING: Most Hollywood films make use of classical or invisible editing.
What is montage sequence?
3) In Hollywood, the phrase "montage sequence~ is used specifically to describe a sequence using rapid cuts, often SUPERIMPOSITIONSand DISSOLVES, to create a kind of kaleidoscopic effect and to telescope or shorten the passage of an extensive period of time.
What is a pan shot?
PAN: A shot taken when the camera stays in one place (on a tripod, for example) but rotates or swivels horizontally. compare DOLLY SHOT, in which the camera moves bodily from one place to another. SWISH PAN: A rapid pan that results in a blurred image. It usually begins and ends at rest.
What is a long take?
LONG TAKE: A shot of unusually long duration. In 1984, the average length of a shot was 8.4 seconds; a long take is a shot of significantly longer duration than the average. see, for example, the opening scene of Orson Welles' Touch of Evilor of Robert Altman's The Player. LOW-ANGLE SHOT: see SHOT.
When did DVDs stop being a format?
The format was replaced as a consumer product shortly after the introduction of DVD in 1997. By the middle of 2000 most studios and distributors stopped distributing titles in the format. LETTERBOXING: A method of formatting wide-screen films for some video and DYD releases.
Storyline
Preacher Graham Hess loses his faith in God after his wife dies in a brutal car accident. He lives with his children and brother in a farmhouse. Crop circles start to appear in their cornfields; Graham dismisses them as mischief by miscreants.
Did you know
The artwork in the book about extraterrestrials was done by writer and director M. Night Shyamalan 's daughter, Saleka Shyamalan.
What is the term for the cover of a book?
Cover. A term describing a general type of paper used for the covers of books, pamphlets, etc., also used for business cards and postcards. Coverage. The extent to which printing ink covers the surface of a printed sheet. Ink coverage is frequently expressed as light, medium or heavy. Crop.
What is offset printing?
Offset printing. The most commonly used printing method, where the printed material does not receive ink directly from a printing plate but from an intermediary blanket that receives the ink from the plate and then transfers it to the paper. Offset paper. A term for sometimes used for uncoated book paper. Onionskin.
What is bond paper?
Bond. A grade of durable writing, printing and typing paper that is erasable and somewhat rigid. Book Paper. Types of paper usually used for printing books. Book paper text weight and is divided into uncoated or offset paper, and coated paper, which includes matte or gloss coating. Bounce.
What is acid free paper?
Acid-free paper. A paper containing no acidity or acid producing chemicals that degrades less over time than acidic papers. Against the Grain. Running a sheet of paper through a printing press at right angles to the grain direction of the paper, as opposed to with the grain.
List
Gameplay
- Full Shot Frames character from head to toes, with the subject roughly filling the frame. The emphasis tends to be more on action and movement rather than a characters emotional state.
Features
- Medium Long Shot (aka 3/4 Shot) Intermediate between Full Shot and Medium Shot. Shows subject from the knees up.
Variations
- Cowboy Shot (aka American Shot) A variation of a Medium Shot, this gets its name from Western films from the 1930s and 1940s, which would frame the subject from mid-thighs up to fit the characters gun holsters into the shot. Choker A variant of a Close-Up, this shot frames the subjects face from above the eyebrows to below the mouth Extreme Close U...
Terminology
- In addition to subject size within a frame, shot types can also indicate where a camera is placed in relation to the subject. Here are some commonly used terms:
Effects
- Eye Level Shot taken with the camera approximately at human eye level, resulting in a neutral effect on the audience.
Style
- High Angle Subject is photographed from above eye level. This can have the effect of making the subject seem vulnerable, weak, or frightened. Low Angle Subject is photographed from below eye level. This can have the effect of making the subject look powerful, heroic, or dangerous.
Types
- Birds-Eye View (aka Top Shot) A high-angle shot thats taken from directly overhead and from a distance. The shot gives the audience a wider view and is useful for showing direction and that the subject is moving, to highlight special relations, or reveal to the audience elements outside the boundaries of the characters awareness. The shot is often taken from on a crane or helicopter.
Usage
- Establishing Shot Usually the first shot of a scene, this is used to establish the location and environment. It can also be used to establish mood and give the audience visual clues regarding the time (night/day, year) and the general situation. Because they need to provide a great deal of information, Establishing Shots are usually Extreme Long Shots or Long Shots.
Definition
- Master Shot Term given to a single, uninterrupted shot of a scene. This shot can be the only shot used by a director to cover a scene, or edited together with additional shots. While its commonly a Long or Full Shot, a Master Shot can be a closer shot, or consist of multiple shot types if the camera is moving throughout the scene.