How to prepare a liter of NaCl stock?
On the other hand you could prepare a liter or more of 10x NaCl stock by weighing, dissolving, and bringing to 1 L volume 65 gms NaCl.
What is the final concentration of NaCl in PBS?
A typical chemical composition of 1X PBS has a final concentration of 10 mM PO 43−, 137 mM NaCl, and 2.7 mM KCl. Here's the final concentration of reagents in the solution: Protocol for Making Phosphate-Buffered Saline Depending on your purpose, you may prepare 1X, 5X, or 10X PBS.
How can I prepare 100x KCl and CaCl2 per liter?
You could prepare a liter each of 100x KCl, CaCl2, and NaHCO3 by weighing, dissolving, and bringing to volume 14, 12, and 10 gms per liter of each respective chemical.
What is the concentration of monobasic stock for pH neutrality?
A practical concentration for each stock is 100 mM. For a pH near neutrality we start by stirring dibasic solution and slowly adding monobasic stock while monitoring pH, stopping when we reach the desired value.
Why is bromocresol green used as an indicator?
Bromocresol green (BCG) is a dye of the triphenylmethane family (triarylmethane dyes). It belongs to a class of dyes called sulfonephthaleins. It is used as a pH indicator in applications such as growth mediums for microorganisms and titrations....Bromocresol green.Bromocresol green (pH indicator)below pH 3.8above pH 5.43.8⇌5.4
How do you find the KA of bromocresol green?
In this exercise the indicator is bromocresol green, with Ka = 1.6 x 10-5. The spectra of the acid and base forms of bromocresol green overlap. The absorbance of the solution at a given wavelength is equal to the sum of the absorbances of the individual components in a mixture.
What is the pH range of bromocresol green?
pH 3.8 to 5.4Bromocresol green (BCG) (3', 3”, 5', 5”-tetrabromo-m-cresolsulfonphthalein) (Fig. 1b) is a sulfonphthalein dye, with a transition range of pH 3.8 to 5.4. In the acidic form, it appears yellow, and in the basic form, it is blue. It is used as a pH indicator and as a tracking dye for DNA agarose gel electrophoresis.
How do I calculate ka?
To find out the Ka of the solution, firstly, we will determine the pKa of the solution. At the equivalence point, the pH of the solution is equivalent to the pKa of the solution. Thus using Ka = – log pKa equation, we can quickly determine the value of Ka using a titration curve.
What is Ka in Chem?
What is the Ka value? The acid dissociation constant (Ka) is used to distinguish strong acids from weak acids. Strong acids have exceptionally high Ka values. The Ka value is found by looking at the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the acid. The higher the Ka, the more the acid dissociates.
Does pH affect equilibrium?
Increasing the pH will increase the number of OH- ions, so the equilibrium will shift to the left. Decreasing the pH will increase the number of H3 O+ ions; they'll ''use up'' the OH- ions, thus shifting the equilibrium to the right.
What is Albumin BCG method?
The BCG (Bromocresol Green) albumin assay kit is designed to measure albumin directly without any pretreatment of samples, such as serum, plasma, urine, and biological preparations. The optimized formulation substantially reduces interference by other substances (lipids/other proteins) in the raw samples.
Which solution has the highest pH?
Explanation: 50.0 mL 0.0500 M calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (aq) has the highest pH value. Sodium hydroxide and Calcium hydroxide are strong bases so they completely ionize in solution.
Why does bromocresol green turn blue?
In aqueous solution, Bromocresol green will ionize to give the monoanionic form (yellow), that further deprotonates at higher pH to give the dianionic form (blue), which is stabilized by resonance. It becomes yellow at acidic pH level (pH 3.8) and Blue green at from pH 5.4.
What is the relationship between Ka and pH?
More the Ka, more would be dissociation and hence stronger would be the acid. The lesser the pH, the stronger would be the acid. It depends on the concentration of acid, conjugate base hydrogen ions. It depends on the concentration of hydrogen ions.
What is the difference between KA and pKa?
Ka is the acid dissociation constant. pKa is simply the -log of this constant. Similarly, Kb is the base dissociation constant, while pKb is the -log of the constant. The acid and base dissociation constants are usually expressed in terms of moles per liter (mol/L).
What is pH formula?
∙ The formula for calculating pH is pH=−log[H3O+] ∙pH is the negative logarithm (to base 10) of the molar hydronium ion concentration. ∙ pH+pOH = 14 always.
Review of Dilution, Concentration, and Stock Solutions
A dilution is a solution made by adding more solvent to a more concentrated solution (stock solution), which reduces the concentration of the solute. An example of a dilute solution is tap water, which is mostly water (solvent), with a small amount of dissolved minerals and gasses (solutes).
Dilution Example
As an example, say you need to prepare 50 milliliters of a 1.0 M solution from a 2.0 M stock solution. Your first step is to calculate the volume of stock solution that is required.
Avoid This Common Dilution Mistake
It's a common mistake to add too much solvent when making the dilution. Make sure you pour the concentrated solution into the flask and then dilute it to the volume mark. Do not, for example, mix 250 ml of concentrated solution with 1 liter of solvent to make a 1-liter solution.
What is KCL in NS?
KCL in NS is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of Hypokalemia, prophylaxis for Hypokalemia, IV Intermittent infusions. KCL in NS may be used alone or with other medications. KCL in NS belongs to a class of drugs called Electrolyte Supplements, Parenteral; Electrolytes.
What are the side effects of KCL in NS?
What are the possible side effects of KCL in NS? KCL in NS may cause serious side effects including: blood clot, inflammation of the vein, excess fluid around the injection site, and. fluid overload. Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above.
Can pregnant women get pregnant with potassium chloride?
Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. It is also not known whether Potassium Chloride in Sodium Chloride Injection, USP can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity.
Is potassium chloride used in a sodium chloride injection?
Potassium Chlor ide in Sodium Chloride Injection, USP should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency and in clinical states in which there exists edema with sodium retention.
What are the reactions that may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration?
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia.
Does KCL affect NS?
The most common side effects of KCL in NS include: Tell the doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of KCL in NS. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.
Is the risk of dilutional states proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection?
The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of the injection.
What is the main ingredient in DNA extraction?
CTAB (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide) is the major ingredient for plant DNA extraction. Pectin present in the plant cell wall makes it harder and so it is also difficult to digest it. Along with some other ingredients like Tris, EDTA, NaCl, PVP, Beta- mercaptoethanol and ascorbic acid, CTAB lysis the plant cell wall effectively.
Does tris chelate EDTA?
In short, Tris maintains the constant pH and EDTA chelates the metal ion and inactivates DNase and RNase. So when you prepare any lysis buffer first include tris and EDTA. The concentration is given above. Secondly, we have to degrade the proteins present in the cell membrane and nuclear membrane.
What is the chemical formula for potassium acetate?
Potassium acetate is the potassium salt of acetic acid. It has the chemical formula CH 3 COOK in which, K + is potassium cation and CH 3 COO – is acetate anion. Moreover, the molar mass of this compound is 98.14 g/mol. It appears as a white crystalline powder.
What is the melting point of potassium acetate?
The melting point is 292 °C, and upon further heating, the compound will decompose. Furthermore, we can prepare potassium acetate via treating a potassium-containing base with acetic acid. It is an acid-base neutralization reaction. Here, the most common bases include potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate.
Is potassium chloride a good fertilizer?
Figure 02: Potassium Chloride. Concerning the usefulness, this compound is useful in agriculture as a potassium-rich fertilizer. It also has medicinal uses, especially to treat low blood potassium levels. Moreover, it is very useful as a chemical feedstock for the synthesis of potassium hydroxide and potassium metal.
Is KCl a salt?
It is a metal halide salt with the chemical formula KCl. The compound appears as colourless vitreous crystals and readily dissolves in water, dissociating into ions. Moreover, the aqueous solution has a salty taste. Concerning the usefulness, this compound is useful in agriculture as a potassium-rich fertilizer.
Is potassium chloride a common drug?
Potassium acetate is a specialized form of potassium salt rarely used in hospitals, but potassium chloride is a common drug in hospitals.
How much glacial acetic acid do you need to fill a 1L tank?
With the known density, you need 5.72 mL glacial acetic acid which you need to fill up to 1L. If you do not have access to glacial acetic acid, you need a higher volume of the acid solution (e.g. if you have a 80% solution, you need 7.15 ml).
How much acetic acid is needed to make 1 L of 0.1M solution?
To prepare 1 L of 0.1M solution, you need 0.1 mol glacial acetic acid, which is 6.005g. With the known density, you need 5.72 mL glacial acetic acid which you need to fill up to 1L.
Why is PBS a buffer solution?
Weather & Climate. PBS or phosphate-buffered saline is a buffer solution that is particularly valuable because it mimic the ion concentration, osmolarity, and pH of human body fluids. In other words, it's isotonic to human solutions, so it's less likely to cause cell damage, toxicity, or unwanted precipitation in biological, ...
What is the essential solution for a saline solution?
The essential solution contains water, sodium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride. Some preparations contain potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. EDTA may also be added in cellular preparation to prevent clumping. Phosphate-buffered saline is not ideal for use in solutions that contain divalent cations (Fe 2+, ...
Is phosphate buffer saline isotonic?
Phosphate-buffered saline or PBS is isotonic to human body fluids. Eugenio Marongiu / Getty Images. PBS or phosphate-buffered saline is a buffer solution that is particularly valuable because it mimic the ion concentration, osmolarity, and pH of human body fluids. In other words, it's isotonic to human solutions, ...