What are biomass stocks?
Biomass stocks are publicly traded companies whose business involves growing, collecting, or using biological matter (biomass) which can be used to make some other form of energy. Biomass includes human waste, municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, as well as industrial wastes such leftover wood from logging operations.
How to estimate biomass for industrial roundwood producers?
The biomass volume tables and the default biomass stock as well as growth rates are often estimated considering only the merchantable or commercial volume. Estimating only the commercial component of the tree biomass, which is largely the main tree trunk, may be adequate for industrial roundwood producers.
How to calculate the biomass of a forest?
Step 1: Select tree species or the forest type for determining BCEF Step 2: Adopt the sampling method described for estimating above-ground biomass from the harvest method Step 3: Select at least 30 trees of a given species or a mixture of species for a selected forest type
What is stock biomass?
Spawning (stock) biomass An indicator of the status of the stock and its reproductive capacity. It can be defined as the combined weight of all individuals in a fish stock (usually females only) that have reached sexual maturity and are capable of reproducing.
Why is forest biomass important?
Biomass for energy, especially biofuels, has positive attributes that contribute to a healthy environment and economy. Biomass utilization can reduce forest management costs, help mitigate climate change, reduce risks to life and property, and help provide a secure, competitive energy source.
What does biomass stand for?
the mass of living organismsDefinition. Biomass refers to the mass of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, or, from a biochemical perspective, cellulose, lignin, sugars, fats, and proteins.
What is biomass made of?
Biomass is organic, meaning it is made of material that comes from living organisms, such as plants and animals. The most common biomass materials used for energy are plants, wood, and waste. These are called biomass feedstocks. Biomass energy can also be a non-renewable energy source.
How to determine BCEF?
Step 1: Select tree species or the forest type for determining BCEF Step 2: Adopt the sampling method described for estimating above-ground biomass from the harvest method Step 3: Select at least 30 trees of a given species or a mixture of species for a selected forest type.
What is BCEF in forest?
BCEF can be estimated for a given species, a forest type consisting of multiple tree species and young or mature plantations or forests. Biomass expansion factors (BEF) could be used if a biomass equation provides the merchantable biomass (t/ha) directly.
Abstract
Benthic megafauna (organisms large enough to be visible on seabed photographs) are regarded as important for carbon cycling in benthic habitats. They are a food source for many predators like fish and marine mammals and may stimulate carbon mineralization in sediment by bioturbation.
1. Introduction
Benthic communities in the Arctic are influenced by various environmental factors, which control spatial and temporal variability in species composition, biodiversity, and standing stocks.
3. Results
The total seafloor area investigated by image analysis differed among stations, spanning a range from 32.4 to 51.5 m 2 at most stations, except station 20, where it was much lower (12.8 m 2 ).
4. Discussion
Megabenthic biomass, respiration, secondary production, and carbon demand calculated in this study were significantly higher at cold coastal sites in Svalbard, as predicted by our hypothesis. Except for secondary production, these biotic parameters were also significantly negatively correlated with bottom water temperature.
5. Conclusions
Climate change may have various consequences for benthic fauna in the Arctic, including changes in biodiversity, standing stocks, or productivity.
CRediT authorship contribution statement
MikoĊaj Mazurkiewicz: Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser: Conceptualization, Resources, Writing - review & editing. Andrew K. Sweetman: Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Paul E.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
