What is organic chemistry and examples?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, which extends to understanding chemical reactions in living organisms and products derived from them. There are numerous examples of organic chemistry in everyday life . Polymers consist of long chains and branches of molecules.
How is organic chemistry used in everyday life?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, which extends to understanding chemical reactions in living organisms and products derived from them. There are numerous examples of organic chemistry in everyday life . Polymers consist of long chains and branches of molecules. Common polymers you encounter every day are organic molecules.
How do you pick the right chemical stocks?
Given the large number of players operating in the chemical space, picking the right stocks is apparently not an easy task. But our proprietary methodology makes it fairly simple. One can trim down the list with the combination of a favorable Zacks Rank-Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy), 2 (Buy) or 3 (Hold) - and a positive Zacks Earnings ESP.
What is an organic compound?
Today, as you are probably already aware, the term ‘organic,’ – when applied to chemistry – refers not just to molecules from living things, but to all compounds containing the element carbon, regardless of origin.
How do you calculate stock in chemistry?
Calculate the number of moles of glucose contained in the indicated volume of dilute solution by multiplying the volume of the solution by its molarity. To determine the volume of stock solution needed, divide the number of moles of glucose by the molarity of the stock solution.
How do you determine concentration increase?
Use the formula x = (c ÷ V) × 100 to convert the concentration (c) and volume (V) of the final solution to a percentage. In the example, c = 60 ml and V = 350 ml. Solve the above formula for x, which is the percentage concentration of the final solution.
How do you calculate stock dilution in chemistry?
1:233:00Stock solutions and dilution - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipSo volume is now moles over concentration. So that's those not point three three moles divided byMoreSo volume is now moles over concentration. So that's those not point three three moles divided by the concentration of the stock solution.
How do you increase the concentration of a stock solution?
ConcentrationThe removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of the solute in the solution. is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of the solute in the solution.
What is C1V1 C2V2?
C1V1=C2V2 is used to calculate an unknown quantity where two solutions/mixtures are proportional … C1V1 = Concentration/amount (start) and Volume (start) C2V2 = Concentration/amount (final) and Volume (final) 1.
Does concentration increase with volume?
(2) Decreased volume with constant moles of gas leads to an increase in the concentration (mol/L) of all of the reactants and products.
How do you use the c1v1 c2v2 equation?
0:205:27The C1V1 = C2V2 Equation Explained - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipThe starting concentration V 1 indicates the starting volume C 2 equals the final concentration. AndMoreThe starting concentration V 1 indicates the starting volume C 2 equals the final concentration. And V 2 stands for the final volume.
What is a 10X stock solution?
Form example, a 10X stock solution is one that contains ten times the concentration of all solutes relative to a working solution, which is considered to be a 1X solution. • Therefore, you need to dilute a 10X by a factor of ten to obtain your final working solution.
What is a stock solution in chemistry?
In chemistry, a stock solution is a large volume of common reagent, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, at a standardized concentration. This term is commonly used in analytical chemistry for procedures such as titrations, where it is important that exact concentrations of solutions are used.
Which solution is more concentrated?
Solution concentrationConcentrated solutionDilute solutionThe solution becomes more concentrated as more solute is applied to a solutionThe dissolved salt from a well in the drinking water is a dilute solution.2 more rows
How does m1v1 m2v2 work?
0:503:15Dilution m1v1=m2v2 - YouTubeYouTubeStart of suggested clipEnd of suggested clipAnd so the way this equation works is M 1 and V 1 are the concentration. And the volume of the stockMoreAnd so the way this equation works is M 1 and V 1 are the concentration. And the volume of the stock solution and M 2 and V 2 are the concentration and volume of the final diluted solution. So.
How do you calculate new concentration after mixing?
Hi Sheerien, In general when your are mixing two different concentrations together first calculate number of moles for each solution (n=CV ,V-in liter) then add them together it will be total moles,then concentration of mixture will be = total moles / total volume(liter).
What are the most common atoms in organic compounds?
5.2 Drawing organic molecules. As observed in the molecules capsaicin and vanillin above, the most common atoms found in organic compounds are carbon and hydrogen. Other atoms that routinely form covalent bonds within organic structures also include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus.
Why is it important to use abbreviations in chemistry?
Using abbreviations appropriately is a very important skill to develop when studying organic chemistry in a biological context, because although many biomolecules are very large and complex (and take forever to draw!), usually we are focusing on just one small part of the molecule where a change is taking place.
What is structural formula?
A structural formula shows how the various atoms are bonded, and can be more useful that only writing the molecular formula for a compound. There are various ways of drawing structural formulae and you will need to be familiar with all of them. They include the displayed formula, condensed formulas, and line structures.
Why are cis and trans alkenes different?
The cis and trans forms of a given alkene are different isomers with different physical properties because, as we will learn in chapter 6, there is a very high energy barrier to rotation about a double bond. In the example below, the difference between cis and trans alkenes is readily apparent.
How many bonds does carbon form?
Carbon forms four stable bonds, either to other carbon atoms or to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or a halogen. The characteristic bonding modes of carbon allow it to serve as a skeleton, or framework, for building large, complex molecules that incorporate chains, branches and ring structures.
Where is phosphorus found?
This is the most common form of phosphorus found in all living organisms on the planet, including humans . It is commonly incorporated into organic molecules such as DNA, proteins, and ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the energy storehouse of the cell (Figure 5.1).
Which compound has a distinctive smell?
The aromatic group is exemplified by benzene (which used to be a commonly used solvent on the organic lab, but which was shown to be carcinogenic), and naphthalene, a compound with a distinctive ‘mothball’ smell. Aromatic groups are planar (flat) ring structures, and are widespread in nature.
Expectations for Q3
The chemical industry is housed within the broader Zacks Basic Materials sector. The third-quarter earnings picture for the Basic Materials sector looks lackluster. Overall earnings for the sector are projected to fall 22.6% on 10.6% lower revenues, per the latest Earnings Preview.
How to Pick Winners?
Given the large number of players operating in the chemical space, picking the right stocks is apparently not an easy task. But our proprietary methodology makes it fairly simple. One can trim down the list with the combination of a favorable Zacks Rank — Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy), 2 (Buy) or 3 (Hold) — and a positive Zacks Earnings ESP.
Our Choices
Below we list five chemical stocks that have the right combination of elements to pull off earnings surprises this earnings season: Axalta Coating Systems Ltd. AXTA has an Earnings ESP of +4.39% and sports a Zacks Rank #1. The company is scheduled to report third-quarter results on Oct 22.
Axalta Coating Systems Ltd. Price and EPS Surprise
Rayonier Advanced Materials Inc RYAM has an Earnings ESP of +14.29% and carries a Zacks Rank #2. It is slated to report third-quarter results on Nov 3.
Rayonier Advanced Materials Inc. Price and EPS Surprise
Dow Inc. DOW has an Earnings ESP of +11.81% and a Zacks Rank #3. It is scheduled to report third-quarter results on Oct 22. The consensus mark for third-quarter earnings has been revised 182% upward over the last 60 days. Dow is expected to have benefited from cost synergy realizations.
Dow Inc. Price and EPS Surprise
DuPont de Nemours, Inc. DD has an Earnings ESP of +0.61% and a Zacks Rank #3. It is slated to report third-quarter results on Oct 29. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for third-quarter earnings has been revised 2.7% upward over the last 60 days.
DuPont de Nemours, Inc. Price and EPS Surprise
Eastman Chemical Company EMN has an Earnings ESP of +3.39% and a Zacks Rank #3. It is scheduled to report third-quarter results on Oct 29. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for third-quarter earnings has been revised 8.6% upward over the last 60 days.
What is the oxidation state of carbon?
So a carbon attached to 4 carbons has an oxidation state of zero. So unlike metals, which are almost always in a positive oxidation state, the oxidation state of carbon can vary widely, from -4 (in CH4) to +4 (such as in CO2). Here are some examples. (Don’t forget that this is called a “formalism” for a reason.
What happens when a compound is neutral?
If the compound is neutral, the sum of the oxidation states also has to be neutral . (If the compound has a charge, you adjust the oxidation states accordingly so that their sum equals the charge). Now here’s a fun exercise. Try applying the same rules to carbon. It’s going to feel a little bit weird.
Does a C-H bond decrease the oxidation state of carbon?
Two answers. In a C-H bond, the H is treated as if it has an oxidation state of +1. This means that every C-H bond will decrease the oxidation state of carbon by 1. Any two bonds between the same atom do not affect the oxidation state (recall that the oxidation state of Cl in Cl-Cl (and that of H in H-H) is zero.
How to study reactions in organic chemistry?
One of the most effective ways to study reactions in organic chemistry requires only a flashcard on a post it. First, you write a full reaction you are trying to learn on one side of the flashcard. You then use the Post It to cover the 3 different parts of the reactions, so you are not able to test yourself in 3 different ways!
How many carbons are in a 4-chloro-2-iodohexane?
4-chloro-2-iodohexane. We choose the longest, continuous chain of carbons as our parent chain, which is 6 carbons long, so it’s named as hexane. Anything not in the parent chain is a substituent, and there are two substituents in this molecule.
Can you do well in organic chemistry?
You cannot do well in organic chemistry by reading the textbook alone. Let me repeat that: you CANNOT do well in organic chemistry by reading the textbook alone. You must do practice problems—most likely thousands of practice by the end of your year in organic chemistry. Practice problems engage you with the material, ...
Can we break the carbon-oxygen double bond?
Incorrect. We can first break the carbon-oxygen double bond, which is a situation we can form a resonance structure. We use a single curved arrow on the first structure to show the breaking of the carbon-oxygen double bond, which places a negative charge on the oxygen and a positive charge on the carbon.
Is tutoring good for organic chemistry?
A tutor can be a significant ally in the complex world of organic chemistry. Sure there’s an obvious downside: tutors are incredibly expensive, but the one-on-one, personalized attention from someone will do wonders for your knowledge of organic chemistry.
Is organic chemistry a good subject for group study?
Organic chemistry is a subject, due to its complex nature specifically, that is very well suited for group studying. When studying with a study buddy, each of you can hold up flashcards to one another and quiz one another on what the correct answers are. If your partner gets the answer wrong, you can easily correct them with an explanation ...
What is organic chemistry?
Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, which extends to understanding chemical reactions in living organisms and products derived from them. There are numerous examples of organic chemistry in everyday life .
Is soap an organic molecule?
Although both are used for cleaning, soap and detergent are two different examples of organic chemistry. Soap is made by the saponification reaction, which reacts to hydroxide with an organic molecule (e.g., an animal fat) to produce glycerol and crude soap.
What is the pKa in organic chemistry?
The pKa in Organic Chemistry - Chemistry Steps. Let’s first define the meaning of a strong acid. According to the Arrhenius theory, acids dissociate in water to form protons (H + ). The general equation for the acid dissociation can be shown as: For a specific example, we can look at the dissociation of hydrochloric acid: ...
Is alcohol a stronger acid?
The alcohol is a stronger acid because its K a is higher. To simplify the numbers, -log K a is used instead of the K a getting rid of the exponent.
Is ethoxide more reactive than EtNH?
This, in turn, means that the ethoxide ion is not as reactive as the EtNH – ion because otherwise the equilibrium would have been shifted to the left as much as it is for the amine. So, the ethoxide is more stable, less reactive/active than the EtNH – ion. All of this, in one word, means that it is a weaker base.
Is ethanol stronger than amine?
Given equal concentration, whichever produces more H + is the stronger acid and, it turns out that ethanol is a stronger acid than the ethyl amine. This is definition and comparison of the acid strength is given by p K a values.
Between Polar and Nonpolar Solvents
As we mentioned, the overall polarity of the molecule comes as result of the imbalance between the nonpolar carbon skeleton and the polar functional group (s). For example, the carbonyl group is polar because of the polarity of the C=O bond. This can be seen by the fact that acetone, having three carbon atoms, is still miscible with water.
How Do I Choose a Solvent?
As a rough estimate, remember that water soluble organic compounds must have an oxygen or nitrogen containing functional groups. In any case, if the molecule has more than 3-4 carbon atoms, its solubility is going to significantly decrease.
What is the easiest way to express the concentration of a solution?
Mass percent composition (also called mass percent or percent composition) is the easiest way to express the concentration of a solution because no unit conversions are required. Simply use a scale to measure the mass of the solute and the final solution and express the ratio as a percentage.
How to find mass percent?
Calculate Mass Percent: mass solute divided by mass final solution multiplied by 100%.
How to find moles of KCl?
Start by looking up the number of grams per mole of potassium and chlorine on a periodic table. Then add them together to get the grams per mole for KCl. K = 39.1 g/mol.
What is concentration in science?
Concentration is an expression of how much solute is dissolved in a solvent in a chemical solution. There are multiple units of concentration. Which unit you use depends on how you intend to use the chemical solution.
Future
- And that trend should only continue. According to the group TechSci Research, organic food consumption is expected to grow at an annual growth rate of 14% through 2018, which compares to a projected increase in the GDP of around 3% to 4%. Though some organic food stocks have soared in recent years, there is still plenty of time to grab outsized ret...
Sales
- The company was also the nation's first certified organic distributor by Quality Assurance International, showing it was a first mover in this space. As you might expect for the leading organic distributor, growth has been strong, with sales up 22.5% in its latest quarter. That was aided by its recent acquisition of Tony's Fine Foods, but acquisitions have been an important par…
Mission
- United Natural Foods may not be the flashiest business in the organic space today, but it's well poised to grow alongside the overall trend, and should deliver steady returns as it grows its distribution network and extends its industry leadership.
Advantages
- Hain has one distinct advantage over organic grocers. Whole Foods is going to have to duke it out with not only upstart organic players, such as Sprouts (NASDAQ:SFM) and Natural Grocers(NYSE:NGVC), but also bigger players like Wal-Mart (NYSE:WMT) that are looking for a piece of the pie.
Cost
- While the stock's not exactly cheap, today's price is 30 times forward earnings. For investors looking for a fast growing company with solid management and long-term tailwinds pushing it forward, that seems like a fair price to pay.
Quotes
- Bob Ciura: (Whole Foods Market): Whole Foods Market received a lot of attention after reporting supposedly weak quarterly results, but I still believe Whole Foods is the best way to invest in the organic trend. The company's performance last quarter was a disappointment only in the sense that it couldn't live up to irrational Wall Street expectations. But the underlying business remains …
Results
- Whole Foods grew total sales by 10% last quarter, and comparable store sales, which measures sales at locations open at least one year, rose 3.6%. Earnings per share increased 14% year over year. Whole Foods is doing a very good job of producing returns for shareholders, as return on invested capital increased by 68 basis points to 15% last quarter. Clearly, these results indicate t…
Pain, Pleasure, and Organic Chemistry
Drawing Organic Molecules
- As observed in the molecules capsaicin and vanillin above, the most common atoms found in organic compounds are carbon and hydrogen. Other atoms that routinely form covalent bonds within organic structures also include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. More rarely, halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine can also be incorporated into organic molecules. …
Different Representations of Organic Molecules
- Molecular formulae
Organic molecules, compared to the simple salts and covalent compounds shown in Chapters 3 and 4, can be quite large and sprawling structures with many branches. Thus, it is important to understand how to draw organic molecules so that you can understand the 3-dimensional shap… - Line or Skeletal Formulae
In a line or skeletal formula, all the hydrogen atoms are not shown and all the carbons are not labeled but rather are indicated at the end or bend in every line, leaving just a carbon skeleton with functional groups attached to it. Any heteroatoms (any other atom than carbon or hydrogen) an…
References
- Chapter 5 materials have been adapted and modified from the following creative commons resources unless otherwise noted: 1. Wikibooks. (2015) Organic Chemistry. Available at: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Organic_Chemistry. 2. Clark, J. (2014) How to Draw Organic Molecules. Available at: http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Fundamentals/How_…